Customs and International Trade Law Blog : International Trade Lawyer & Attorney : Becker & Poliakoff Law Firm : Customs Law, Border Protection

The simple answer to this question is: YES. 

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Michael De Biase

Among its other duties, U.S. Customs and Border Protection ("CBP") has the daunting task and responsibility to search and seize products that are counterfeit or otherwise infringe the intellectual property rights of original goods manufacturers. This is accomplished through CBP's Intellectual Property Rights Recordation System. As the name suggests, trademark and copyright owners record their intellectual property rights with CBP and CBP keeps records of such recordings via this system, which can be accessed online at http://iprs.cbp.gov/. Using this system, an importer can determine if any of the products that it is importing actually violate the intellectual property rights of somebody else. However, there is a big problem with this system that can cause CBP to wrongfully seize goods, thereby inflicting substantial monetary damages and significant delays in delivery times.

Intellectual property rights are not absolute and can therefore be challenged and cancelled through the U.S. federal court system. When a trademark is cancelled, the U.S. district court has to notify and direct the Director of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office ("USPTO") to remove the trademark registration from the USPTO's registrar. Until CBP is notified that the trademark has been cancelled, CBP will continue to seize products that potentially infringe the rights of the now cancelled trademark. This causes products to be wrongfully seized, and, in turn costs the importer tens of thousands of dollars as well as significant delays.

To avoid falling victim to this situation, you must contact an attorney. An attorney can perform the proper legal research to determine whether your shipment contains products that are likely to be seized for infringement of intellectual property rights. In such an instance, the old saying "an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure" really holds true.

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On September 8, 2011, from 2:00-3:00 p.m. EST, the Journal of Commerce will host a webinar entitled "Recovering Your Seized Cargo".  The speakers will be Dennis McKenzie, Director, Fines, Penalties, and Forfeitures Division, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), Washington, D.C., and Peter Quinter, Partner in Charge, Customs and International Trade Department, Becker & Poliakoff law firm.  The panel experts will explain the CBP detention and seizure process, as well as the administrative petition and judicial forfeiture process.

If you have ever had your money seized by Customs for failure to declare over $10,000, had merchandise seized for misdeclaring its value or not paying enough customs duties, had your bank account seized for alleged trade-based money laundering, or had any other items detained or seized by U.S. Customs for violating another Federal agency's regulations, you should sign up for this webinar.  

The fee is only $155 for this most informative webinar taught by experts with a comprehensive understanding of the internal policies and procedures of U.S. Customs and Border Protection.  A little knowledge now could save you time, frustration, and a lot of money by learning how to avoid a seizure, or when a seizure has already occurred, how to get your seized cargo back as quickly as possible.

Whatever the type of merchandise, whether it is an import or an export shipment, whether it will be sold in the United States or just moving in-transit through the United States, whether it needs a special import or export license, U.S. Customs seizes and forfeits tens of millions of dollars of merchandise every year.  Download the Powerpoint presentations, and get involved in the Q&A session. Click  "Recovering Your Seized Cargo" to register at the Journal of Commerce website.

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For questions or comments, please contact:

Peter Quinter, Partner, Customs and International Trade Department

pquinter@becker-poliakoff.com or (954) 270-1864

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Let's discuss some fundamental customs laws and policies first.  A bond is a contract between a principal (i.e. importer) and a surety (i.e. insurance company), with CBP serving as the beneficiary when an importer fails to pay any duties, taxes, and fees assessed by CBP on the imported merchandise.  The single transaction bond amount for the importer established by CBP is typically 1 to 3 times the total value of the imported merchandise for that particular shipment, plus duties, taxes, and fees.  If the importer does not pay the assessed amounts promptly, a liquidated damages claim is issued by the Fines, Penalties, and Forfeitures (FP&F) Office of CBP against the importer and the surety company.  

Although in theory, this type of insurance policy should pay CBP in full every time, it does not really work that way.  Blame it, in part, on anti-dumping and countervailing duty cases.  The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) estimates that it takes over 3 years in anti-dumping or countervailing duty cases between the initial entry of merchandise subject to an anti-dumping or countervailing duty order, and when the final duty bill is issued to the importer.   Importers that are unwilling or unable to pay, or have already gone out of business, result in a loss of revenue to CBP. 

According to the OIG Report, CBP has written off tens of millions of dollars "because of inaccurate, incomplete, or missing bonds" such as a lack of signatures or inaccurate transaction numbers.   Moreover, it turns out that CBP is not doing a good job of keeping copies of the bonds, but often relies upon the customs brokers to do so.  The OIG Report concluded that "there is a potential for collusion between the broker and the importer."  Well, at least, for once, DHS and CBP don't blame this problem on those pesky customs lawyers.

So, you ask, what will happen now.  No surprise this time - CBP will certainly re-evaluate its current monetary guidelines, last significantly updated in November 2010, to establishing higher bond limits, especially for food and drug products regulated by the FDA which pose a potential threat to the public health and safety.  Importers should expect to see such letters from CBP's Revenue Division at the National Finance Center located in Indianapolis, Indiana, and more liquidated damages claims from the FP&F offices around the country.

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For questions or comments, please contact:

Peter Quinter, Partner, Customs and International Trade Department

pquinter@becker-poliakoff.com or (954) 270-1864

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Well, I just wanted to let you all know that Santa may not be coming this year to deliver all those wonderful holiday gifts.

Because of incorrect Incoterms and incomplete documentation, the gifts for all the world will have to be returned to the North Pole (at Santa's own expense).

Santa decided to ship everything DDP and even though he hired an international freight forwarder to handle all of the logistics to transport the gifts, the forwarder was unable to determine who the correct customs broker was for each individual importer.  There was also a question about whether the Power of Attorney required by U.S. Customs was correctly completed.

Determining the importer of record turned out  a nightmare since EVERYONE  in the world wants a visit from Santa but no one was willing to be the importer of record.

New laws and regulations regarding entry of exotic animals also had the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service forcing Rudolph and his crew back out before they could
even land.

All the electronics needed prior FCC approval, and since the North Pole is nearest to Canada, Santa was trying to claim NAFTA. Obviously, U.S. Customs refused to clear any of it without detailed product literature regarding the country of origin.

Santa got tons of U.S. Census Bureau warnings because the dimensions and weight of the gifts were too unreal to calculate, and because Santa could not prove where the materials to make the toys came from (the North Pole is not on the approved country of origin list).

Santa incessantly tried to prove that he makes all of his own gifts, but since there are not defined tariff classifications in the HTSUS on "Santa-made" materials, U.S. Customs rejected Santa's entry.

My Customs and International Trade Department lawyers will have to help the little kids  fill out their own Post Entry forms to correct the misclassifications. 
 

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Every few weeks, I get a call from an international flight attendant who wants my help to deal with a huge fine issued by U.S. Customs and Border Protection. The typical scenario is that while the nice international flight attendant is traveling overseas, she purchases some counterfeit, luxury brand handbags, wallets, watches or jewelry for friends, family, or co-workers back in the States.  Flight crews are rarely stopped and searched by U.S. Customs upon return to the United States, so the risk is low. Unfortunately, some do get stopped, and the Customs officer seizes the counterfeit items.  That is just the beginning of the nightmare.

Some weeks after Customs seizes the counterfeit items, the flight attendant will receive a formal written Seizure Notice stating what was seized, why it was seized, and providing an opportunity for him or her to file a Petition. Since the flight attendant typically only spent a few hundred dollars, and the stuff is clearly counterfeit, most people don't bother to file a Petition, and the merchandise is automatically forfeited to U.S. Customs.

What the flight attendants need to know is that after the merchandise is forfeited, Customs will send a second letter assessing a fine pursuant to 19 U.S.C. 1526(f). The fine is equal to the Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price (MSPR) as if those counterfeit items were real. So, instead of a fine of a few hundred dollars for a few, counterfeit Rolex or Chanel watches, the fine might total $100,000, as regular readers know from my August 10, 2010 blog post "U.S. Customs Inflates Seizure Statistics".

Now, the flight attendant (or your regular international passenger with the same problem) realizes that he or she needs to get a customs attorney ASAP to file a proper Petition to get the fine reduced or canceled.  If only the flight attendant had read my January 24, 2010 blog post, "Yes, You May Legally Import Counterfeit Merchandise into the United States," there would have been no seizure, and hence, no fine. 

Anyway, I am always available to help a flight attendant in distress with U.S. Customs. Who knows, maybe the flight attendant will return the favor someday with some extra peanuts or, better yet, a complimentary upgrade to first class.  :))

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I welcome your responses. Please click on the "COMMENTS" box below.

Peter Quinter, Partner, Customs and International Trade Department

pquinter@becker-poliakoff.com or (954) 270-1864

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U.S. Customs and Border Protection is one of the leading Federal agencies responsible for stopping counterfeit products from entering the United States. U.S. Customs does a good job seizing counterfeit products at ports around the country on a daily basis.   These counterfeit products vary from sunglasses to handbags to pharmaceuticals to footwear.  But U.S. Customs' press releases always use an unrealistic, inflated number when describing the value of the seized merchandise.

For example, last week in San Francisco, U.S. Customs allegedly seized $100 million counterfeit Gucci, Dooney & Bourke, and various other illegally trademarked merchandise from the Fisherman's Wharf area.  It was originally reported in the San Francisco Chronicle, then appeared on the Associated Press wire to the Chicago Tribune, the Washington Post, and other newspapers around the country.  The Chronicle stated in part:

On Tuesday, they announced the seizure of more than 200,000 counterfeit retail items valued at $100 million - if they were genuine, that is - during what they called the largest-ever bust of retail counterfeiters on the West Coast.

Note the words, "if they were genuine, that is." U.S. Customs uses the Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price (MSRP), which nobody pays, in reporting the value of the seized merchandise to the press.  So, for example, a blatantly counterfeit Louis Vuitton handbag that would have been sold to a customer at Fisherman's Wharf for $50 may be reported by U.S. Customs to be valued at $1,000, a multiple of 20 times the selling price.

Customs does a good job at identifying, intercepting, and seizing counterfeit merchandise - something it refers to as a "priority trade issue."  Know, however,  that the value U.S. Customs places on the seized counterfeit merchandise is almost always much higher than you and I would pay, even for the real thing.

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Any questions or comments, e-mail me at pquinter@becker-poliakoff.com, or complete the form below.

Peter Quinter, Partner in Charge, Customs and International Trade Department

Telephone (954) 270-1864

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On August 14, 2009, Jennifer Diaz and I will speak at the annual FIME Conference taking place at the Miami Beach Convention Center, Miami Beach, Florida. The FIME Conference is one of the largest trade shows in the United Stated attended by medical device manufacturers, importers, and distributors from throughout the United States and Latin America.

The seminar topic is “How to Effectively Resolve Typical U.S. Food and Drug Administration and U.S. Customs and Border Protection Issues for Medical Devices.”

Medical devices are strictly regulated by the FDA.  We will discuss how to handle everyday examples of difficult issues with he U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).  FDA issues include what to do if you receive a "Notice of FDA Action" or a "Warning Letter" that could potentially state you must stop producing or importing certain medical devices.  FDA may allege that the device is adulterated because you do not have an approved Premarket Approval Application (PMA) to demonstrate that the device is safe and effective for the new intended uses for which you are marketing it. In addition, the FDA may allege that a device is misbranded because you have not submitted a section 510(k) premarket notification to notify the FDA of your intent to introduce the device into commercial distribution for these new intended uses. Your company may have its imported merchandise authomatically detained by the FDA because it is on the "detention without physical examination" list.  Fortunately, there is a procedure to get off that list.

Effectively resolving U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) issues includes appropriately responding when CBP says your medical devices are under "detention," or will be "seized" and "forfeited".   You will also learn the appropriate response after you receive a "liquidated damages claim" up to $75,000 from CBP.    

If you are interested in attending this informative seminar, you may register here!

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More and more importers/exporters are being stopped and shipments detained and even seized by CBP (U.S. Customs). Many feel they are being targeted by CBP, simply for the type of merchandise or because of the country with which they may be doing business.

While you would think that electronics would be the most sought after, the fact of the matter is that electronics is a small piece of the seizure pie, with the biggest piece going to footwear! Talk about picking a product and running with it!

However, regardless of the industry, the primary reason for detentions is IPR (intellectual property rights) violations. You see, whether its shoes or cell phones, foreign manufacturers need to adhere to CBP protocols, as do U.S. importers and exporters.

One way to make sure that all of your ducks are in a row is to the become C-TPAT certified. Benefits are such that importers are 4 to 6 times less likely to incur a security or compliance examination by CBP. That in and of itself is almost reason enough. It’s not a complicated process as long as you are not dealing with fly by night manufacturers, but it is a process nonetheless. Do your due diligence. It’s fairly simple to confirm a licensing agreement. Most trademark and copyright holders have the pertinent contact information online. You could apply yourself, but it’s a little more involved than just that. You need to provide not only the manufacturer information, but also information on who ships your merchandise, how it’s packed and shipped, as well as information regarding your own company, such as security, HR, IT and other background information.

The bottom line here is that if CBP knows who is manufacturing your goods, where it’s coming from, where it’s headed and how it’s getting there, then that’s half the battle. If CBP knows that you are dealing with legitimate manufacturers that are properly licensed to produce your merchandise and who’s shipping it, then that’s the other half and your battle may be won.  Think seriously about joining C-TPAT, and run with it.

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There are many reasons to be detained by an officer of the United States Customs and Border Protection (CBP) when returning to the United States, but you wouldn’t think that one of those reasons would be because you have too much cash on you. CBP doesn’t come right out and say “show me the money”, but travelers are required to report monies over $10,000 and a supplemental form must be completed by the traveler. In speaking with many foreign travelers, the big misconception is that taxes, customs duties, or some other fee must be paid to the United States Government on the monies over $10,000. WRONG! 

Think about this, who travels with large amounts of money and for what? The most cash heavy travelers are gamblers attending Poker Tournaments, and tradeshow vendors/buyers that travel abroad to make their purchases. Do you really think that they pay customs duties on the cash- NO. On the merchandise possibly, but that’s another blog.

If you do not declare the cash you have and CBP finds it, you will not only forfeit all of your money, but you may also have to pay a penalty and possibly be criminally prosecuted.

In speaking with a few United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) officers, CBP is more concerned about where the money came from and the reasons for carrying large amounts of cash than anything else. In today’s economy, could your average Joe Traveler just go to the bank and withdraw $10,000 and travel abroad? The answer is probably not. However, could the average Jane Buyer withdraw legitimate company funds, travel to a vendor’s factory and make purchases? Absolutely!

It basically comes down to these Do’s and Don’ts: 

• Do advise CBP of what you have.
• Don’t, under any circumstances, lie to CBP. 

• Do declare the exact amount you are carrying.
• Don’t try to hide money throughout your person and/or luggage with the thought that “They’ll never look there”, because they will. 

• Do keep a record from where you withdrew the funds you are carrying.
• Don’t try to pass off money to your traveling companion so the amount carried is less than $10,000. 

• Don’t try to handle the matter without legal counsel familiar with these matters.

It’s not rocket science, but if you are willing to take a chance on CBP seizing your cash, the old adage comes to mind, “A fool and his gold are soon parted!”

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